Qualitative Research

Effects of Resistance and Strength Training on the Serum Calcium Level of Male Elite Football Athletes

Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of the study was investigating the impact of resistance and strength trainings on the serum calcium indicators in male elite football players living in Peshawar division, Pakistan. 90 subjects aged between 14-23 years were selected for the study and divided into three equal groups: resistance training group, strength training group, and control group. A 12-week exercise regime was applied. The main emphasis was placed on the blood markers of bone health. Specifically, the current study explores the level of calcium in the blood serum. The results showed significant changes in serum calcium levels post-intervention. In the RTG, the mean serum calcium level increased from 8.480mg/dl (SD = 0.273) to 10.596mg/dl (SD = 0.212). In the STG, the mean serum calcium level changed from 8.460mg/dl (SD = 0.272) to 9.490mg/dl (SD = 0.323), while in the CG, it remained relatively stable, from 8.463mg/dl (SD = 0.274) to 8.456mg/dl (SD = 0.273). The ANOVA results indicated a significant difference in serum calcium levels between the groups post-intervention (F = 459.171, p < 0.001). Tukey's HSD test revealed significant mean differences in post-intervention serum calcium levels between the RTG and STG (mean difference = -2.140, p < 0.001), the RTG and CG (mean difference = -1.033, p < 0.001), and the STG and CG (mean difference = 1.106, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the study demonstrated that both resistance and strength training have a significant impact on serum calcium levels in male elite football athletes, with resistance training showing a greater effect compared to strength training. These findings underscore the importance of tailored exercise interventions in enhancing bone health among athletes.

Various themes of Urdu novels

Dr. Shaista Hameed Khan, (Corresponding Author), Dr. Rehana kausar — Mon, 10 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In Urdu literature there are verious themes of the novels. And Urdu literature, regardless of any era, is necessarily bound to social concerns. But the novel has a special status in this regard. Regarding the novel, it can be said with full confidence that it is not possible to create a novel without themes cultural and social concerns. The novel has been an observation of human thinking about their culture and society since its inception. The history of Urdu novel is a witness to the fact that this genre has never been oblivious to the cultural and social cold. From Nazir Ahmed and Sarshar to contemporary novelists, all of them have not only fully expressed this concern in their novels, but have made every possible effort to harmonize the Urdu novel with the various themes cultural and social requirements.

The Novel "Kai Chand They Sar-e-Aasman": Some New Discoveries

Mon, 03 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Shamsur Rahman Farooqi, died: 25 December 2020. was a famous critic and researcher of Urdu literature who started his journey with criticism. He released Shab Khoon from Allahabad, which was called the forerunner of modernity. This magazine guided two generations of Urdu writers. Farooqui wrote poetry, then turned to lexicography and research. After that, he developed a passion for writing fiction, so he wrote several fictions one after the other under fictitious names in "Shab Khoon" which gained immense popularity. Three years ago, he wrote a novel, which was highly appreciated by the public and the elite. In addition, he is generally regarded as one of the most important poets of the Urdu world. Therefore, it is difficult to find an example of a multi-faceted personality like Shamsur Rehman Farooqi in the history of Urdu literature.

He edited the famous Urdu literary monthly "Shab Khoon" for about forty years and through it he promoted new ideas about literature in Urdu and the hi

gh literature of the subcontinent and other countries. Shamsur Rahman Farooqui has written many important books in Urdu and English. His book about Khudaye Sakhan Mir Taqi Mir, “Shaer-e-Shor Angez”, which is in four volumes, has been published several times and in 1996, he received the Saraswati Samman, which is said to be the biggest literary award of the subcontinent. Shamsur Rahman Farooqui has done historical importance in every field of literature, such as criticism, poetry, fiction, lexicography, narration, presentation, translation. He has received several honors including the honorary degree of D. Lit from Aligarh Muslim University.

New Society, New Role of Parents: How Parent's Role Affects Millennials Perspective of Riau Malay Culture

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores Parenting in Riau Malay Culture in Indonesia. Participants consisting of 21 parents (13 mothers and 8 fathers) with young children were interviewed in-depth, mainly about their knowledge and practice of parenting, aspects of parenting in Malay culture, how they applied it in parenting and how they adapted these cultural values to current developments. The findings showed that millennials' parents face challenges in maintaining the culture in parenting practices, but they have a strong impression of their parents' traditional care based on local wisdom. Even though the new culture brought about by globalization makes it difficult to preserve Riau Malay culture through parenting, the community's role in Malay culture-based parenting needs to be improved so that the enculturation process is as expected and parenting intervention through social and digital media to support the parent's role.

Examining Linguistic Techniques and Communication Design Strategies in Pakistani Drug Trafficking Networks

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The illicit drug trade has persisted as a complex and pervasive challenge globally, with Pakistan standing as a critical player in this multifaceted landscape. In understanding the intricate web of drug trafficking, one cannot overlook the role of communication strategies employed within these networks. This paper embarks on an exploration of the linguistic strategies including cultural, contextual, and visual identity communication of the design inherent in drug trafficking networks operating in Pakistan, shedding light on the nuanced use of language to navigate the clandestine world of illicit substances.

Optimizing Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Endurance: A Field Experiment on Polarized Training in Long-Distance Runners

Mohib Ur Rehman:, Dr. Wasim Khan, Dr. Noor Muhammad, Ishfaq Ali, Mujahid Maqbool — Thu, 02 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of polarized training on body composition and cardiorespiratory endurance in long-distance runners. Method: The study adopted a field experimental design involving 72 long-distance runners from Balochistan, Pakistan. Participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=36) and a control group (n=36). The experimental group underwent a 12-week polarized training program, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Body composition and cardiorespiratory endurance were assessed using standardized tests before and after the intervention period. Results: The results revealed a significant improvement in body composition and cardiorespiratory endurance among participants in the experimental group compared to the control group. Specifically, the experimental group exhibited significant reductions in fat percentage and increases in lean body mass (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by the Cooper test, were observed in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Implications: The findings of this study highlight the effectiveness of polarized training in enhancing both body composition and cardiorespiratory endurance among long-distance runners. These results have important implications for athletes, coaches, and sports scientists involved in developing training programs aimed at optimizing athletic performance and health outcomes.

Review of Altaf Fatima's Novel "Chalta Musafir": A Study from the context of East Pakistan's Tragedy

Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Famous Pakistani Urdu fiction writer Altaf Fatima is one of Pakistan's famous novelist, fiction writer, translator and women educator. All her creative writings are a reflection of her varied experiences and deep observations. And in the short stories both patriotic and religious flavor were mixed. She has his own style of writing which is sometimes reflected in her style and sometimes in the attitudes of her characters. Most of her characters are include those girls and women who have withdrawn from society and tried to challenge the norms and values of their family and society. While creating such characters, she kept in mind the attitudes of her society, under which women were encouraged to remain submissive in all respects with regular planning.

Effects of Low, Medium, and High-Intensity Training Programs on Hemoglobin Levels in Amateur Football Players: An Experimental Comparative Study

Sun, 28 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present study aimed to examine the effects of low, medium, and high-intensity training programs on hemoglobin levels in amateur football players. An experimental pre- and post-test study was conducted, with (n=80) participants divided into three experimental groups (Low Intensity Training, Medium Intensity Training, High Intensity Training) and a Control Group. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the training program. The results revealed significant differences in hemoglobin levels among the groups before the training program (p < 0.05). After the training program, all experimental groups showed a significant positive effect on hemoglobin levels compared to the Control Group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the pre and post-test comparison indicated a significant positive difference in hemoglobin levels for all experimental groups and the Control Group (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that different intensity training programs have a significant impact on hemoglobin levels in amateur football players, highlighting the importance of adopting training interventions for optimizing athletic performance and health outcomes.

Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Cortisol Levels, Perceived Stress and Total Mood Disturbance in Women Aged 20-40 Nadia Mukhtar1, Riffat Aisha2, Sohail Ahmad Khan3, Sidra Tul Muntaha4, Mehreen Saba5, Sohail Roman6 1 In-charge (Sports), Female Campus Internat

Sun, 28 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objectives of the Study: This study aimed to comprehensively examine the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on cortisol levels, perceived stress, and total mood disturbance among women aged 20-40 residing in District Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods: A total of 50 female participants were recruited using convenient sampling from various gyms in District Dera Ismail Khan. Participants were randomly assigned to either the Aerobic Exercise group (n = 25) or the Control group (n = 25). Baseline assessments of cortisol levels, perceived stress, and total mood disturbance were conducted using standardized measures. The Aerobic Exercise group participated in supervised aerobic exercise sessions, consisting of moderate-intensity activities such as brisk walking, jogging, or cycling, for 60 minutes every alternate day over a period of 12 weeks. The Control group was instructed to maintain their regular lifestyle without any prescribed exercise regimen. Post-intervention assessments were conducted for both groups to evaluate changes in cortisol levels, perceived stress, and total mood disturbance.

Results: Participants in the Aerobic Exercise Group demonstrated a significant decrease in cortisol levels from pre-intervention (M=18.5 µg/dL, SD=3.2) to post-intervention (M=15.2 µg/dL, SD=2.8), whereas the Control Group showed minimal changes. Similarly, perceived stress scores significantly decreased in the Aerobic Exercise Group (pre: M=28.6, SD=4.5; post: M=24.3, SD=3.8), whereas the Control Group exhibited marginal changes. Furthermore, total mood disturbance scores significantly decreased in the Aerobic Exercise Group (pre: M=45.2, SD=6.1; post: M=38.7, SD=5.4), while remaining relatively stable in the Control Group. The results indicated a significant intervention effect for cortisol levels (t=-4.782, p<0.001), perceived stress (t=-3.891, p<0.001), and total mood disturbance (t=-6.381, p<0.001).

Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the positive impact of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on cortisol regulation, perceived stress, and total mood disturbance among women aged 20-40 in District Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Aerobic exercise emerged as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing mental well-being and stress resilience in this population. These findings underscore the importance of promoting regular aerobic exercise as part of comprehensive mental health promotion strategies in similar populations.