Dr. Khalid Mahmood Arif, Dr. Hafiz Waqas Khan, Dr. Nadeem Abass, Saqib Gulzar, Dr. Iqra Amjad. A Review of the Elements of Effective Urban Management in the Context of the State of Madinah. QR. Published online December 31, 2023. Accessed August 29, 2025. https://qualitativeresearchjournal.com/index.php/view/article/view/51